Reinforced concrete roof.



No. 889,000. 'PATENTED MAY 26, 1908. G. M. GRAHAM.

REINFORCED CONCRETE ROOF.

APPLICATION FILED DEO.10,1907.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

v PATENTED MAY 26, 1908. G. M. GRAHAM.

REINFORCED CONCRETE ROOF.

APPLICATION FILED DEO.10,1907.

'6 SHEET-SSHEET Z.

PATENTED MAY 26, 1908. G. M. GRAHAM. REINFORCED CONCRETE ROOF.

APPLICATION FILED DEO.10,1907.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

huemr-g No. 889,000. PATENTED MAY 26, 1908. G. M. GRAHAM.

REINFORCED CONCRETE ROOF.

, APPLICATION FILED DEO.10, 1907.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

No. 889,000. :PATENTED MAY 26, 1908.

G. M. GRAHAM.

REINFORCED CONCRETE ROOF.

APPLICATION FILED 1126.10.1907.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5,

f PATENTED MAY 26, 1908. G. M. GRAHAM. REINFORCED CONCRETE ROOF.

UNITED sTArEs PATENT oFFIoE.

GEORGE M. GRAHAM, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO G. A. EDWARD KQHLER,.OF A CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

.. afirnroncnn CONCRETE RooF.

Specification of Letters Patent.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE MJGRAHAM,

a citizen of the United States of America,

and a resident of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois,have invented certain new and useful'fmprovements in Reinforced ConcreteRoofs, of which the following is a specification.

. This invention relates to that type of reinforced concrete structureswhich constitute the subject matter of my prior patent No. 865,490 ofSept, 10, 1907; and has for its object to provide a simple and eflicient structural arrangement and combination of parts whereby a reinforcedconcrete roof is formed possessing the very desirable requisites ofstrength, ightness and durability, all as will hereinafter more fullyappear.

In the accompanying drawings illustra tive of the present invention:Figure 1, is a plan view of a skeleton reinforcing frame. for concreteroofs, completely wound. Fig. 2, is a side view of the same. Fig. 3,.isa plan view of the frame partly wound. Fig. 4, is a side view-of thesame. Fig. 5, is' a plan viewof the frame before being wound. Fi 6, is aside view of'the same. Fig. 7 is a front view of the frame in an unwoundcondition. Fig. 8, is a'siniilar view in a partly woundcondition. Fig.9,-is a;.sir ni lar V ew in a fully wound condition. Flg. 10, is anenlargeddetail section on line :c-x

' Fig; l, with the concrete mass in place.

concrete roof of the Fig. '11, 1s a detail perspective view of theconnection. between the rafters and the intermediate horizontal members.Fig. 12,

.is a detailperspective view illustrating the twocrosse( wire windingsof the present invention.

Similar numerals of reference indicate like parts in the several views.

Referring to the drawings, series of horizontal cylindrical curedtogether to-form the base frame of a resent construction, and whichframe may be provided with the usual intermediate braces where the sizeor 1 re )resents a particular use of the'roof would indicate the useofsuchlprovision. of the roof, alsoof a cylindrical form, and which isconnected to the base frame 1 aforesaid, by the series of, maincrafters3 also bf a cylindrical form, andwhibliare preferably four in number andarranged at the respeceanis se- 2, is the ridge pole tive corners of theroof. 4, are a series of supplementary rafters, also of a cylindricalform, arranged intermediate of the respec' tive main rafters 3,, andextending from the base frame 1 to theridge pole 2, as shown, andforming the intermediate supports for the skeleton wire centers orwebbings hereinafter described. Said roof parts are preferably formedfrom sections of commercial wrought metal tubing secured together-attial manner by means of any usualand suit able pipe couplings,preferably however, the type of couplings or fittings which form thesubject matter of my prior patent No. 865,489 of Sept. 10, 1907, and ofmy appli-. cations for Letters Patent Serial No. 397,848, filed .Oct.17, 1907, and Serial No. 405,891, filed Dee-10, 1907. parts form theskeleton border frames of the series of panels-of the roof structure.-

1 v5, are theskeleton wire centerings or webbings above referred to, andwhich are formed by acontinuous wra ping of a single wire around thecylindrical border members 1, 2 and 3 ofthe roof frame above described,

directions to afford 0 on Web like centers for the series of Hat panesformed by said border members. .Saidwra pings of the wire will be in acontinuous an serial order around the skeleton roof frame, and frompanel to panel thereof, so as to provide a single skeleton web or centerfor each panel and including the base or horizontal panel of the roofstructure as Well as' the slanting or other usual panels thereof.

With'th'e continuous Wrappings above's'et forth, and as in my priorpatented construction No. 865,490, each individual strand thereof can bebrought .to a common and uniform tension, to bear in an even anduniform' manner the normal stress or load imposed upon the roofstructure as a whole, and in consequence of which a structure isprovided having a maximum degree of strength with a minimum amount ofmaterial.

A materialpart of the present lnent consists in the combination with thebefore described skeleton reinforcing frame andskeleton'wire centers orpanels thereof,

f means for affording said centers or panels intermediate supportagainst the normal sag or dish of the same in the ordinary floor or.

"ceiling construction set forth in my aforesaid So united said roofPatented May so, 1908.

their meeting points in a'firm and substanin spaced relation and incrossed or opposite 3 impro fepatent No. 865,490. Such intermediate suporting means by imposing a substantial y straight or flat-conditionupon said centers or panels, permits of the mass of concrete whichincloses said skeleton wire centers orpanels, and forms the main body ofthe roof, being made very thin, and requiring a minimum amount ofconcrete for a-given roofsurface, thus permitting of the economical useof a high grade concrete mixture with the consequent strength anddurability which follows such use. Thepreferred structural formation andarrangement of such intermediate support is as foll ws :-6, are a seriesof tubular members arranged horizontally and in spaced relation midwabetween the horizontal roof beams 1 an the ridge pole or beam 2, andsecured to the rafters 3 and 4, by means of a series of stirrup clips 7which embrace said rafters and have their endsbentover the membars 6, asshown more particularly in Figs. 10 and 11. In the present constructionsuch interme'diate members 6 are on acommon plane with the outer surfaceof the rafters 3 and 4,

/ and in connection with said rafters are adaptedto support the skeletonwire centers or panels 5 in immediate adjacent relation to the outersurface ofthe skeleton reinforcing frame of the roof. In the attainmentof the above mentioned arrangement of the intermediate'members 6 in acommon plane with the outer surface of the rafters 3 and 4, suchintermediate members will have their portions 6- adjacent to saidrafters, flattened and curved to fit the peripheries of the rafters asshown more particularly in Figs. 10 and 11, so as to avoid excessiveprojections aforesaid skeleton wire centers or at such points and at thesame time afford a convenient connection for the stirrup clips 7aforesaid. v

8 are sheets of wire lathing attached to the anels 5, and adapted to aidin receiving and holding theconcrete mass 9' forming the main body ofthe roof, during the setting and hardening of said mass. Y

Havingthus fully described my said invention what I claim as new anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is

' frame comprising the base frame rafters and ridge pole, transverse tothe ridge pole, and tending to hold the rafters to the frame.

3. A skeleton reinforcing frame for concrete roofs, comprising a baseformed of a series of round beams, a round ridge pole, a series of roundrafters, and continuous wrappings of wire, in crossed relation, aroundthe outside of the entire frame comprising the base frame and raftersandtending to hold the rafters to the frame.

4. A skeleton reinforcing frame for concrete roofs, comprising a baseformed of a series of round beams, a round ridge "pole, a series ofround rafters, a continuous wrapping of wire around the outside of theentire frame comprising the base frame and rafters and tending to holdthe rafters to the frame, and intermediate horizontal members extendingfrom rafter to rafter to support the central-parts of the wire wrappingagainst sagging.

I 5. A skeleton reinforcing frame for concrete roofs, comprising a baseformed of a series of round beams, a round ridge 'pole, a series ofround rafters, a continuous wrapping of wire around the outside of theentire frame comprising the base framerafters and ridge pole, transverseto the ridge pole, and

tending to hold the rafters to the frame, and

intermediate horizontal members extending from rafter to rafter tosupportthe, central .parts of the wire wrapping against sagging.

6. A skeleton reinforcing frame for concrete roofs, comprising a baseformed of a series of round beams, a round ridge pole, a series of roundrafters, continuous wrappings of wire, in crossed relation, around'theoutside of theentire frame comprising the base frame and rafters andtending tohold the rafters to the frame, and intermediate horizontalmembers extending from rafter tov rafter to support the central partsof-the wire wra pings against sagging.

7. A s eleton reinforcing frame for concrete roofs, comprising a baseformed of a v series of round-beams,a round ridge pole, a series ofround rafters, a continuous wrapping of wire around the outside of theentire frame comprising the base frame and rafters and tending ,to holdthe rafters to the frame,

and intermediate horizontal members extending from rafter to rafter tosupport the central parts of the wire wrapping against sagging andhaving flattened and eurved portions for engagement with said rafters.

8. A skeleton reinforcing frame for con crete roofs, comprising a baseformed of a series of round beams, a round ridge pole, a series of roundrafters, a continuouswrapping of wire around the outside of the entireframe comprising the base frame rafters and ridge pole, transverse'tothe ridge pole, and tending to hold the rafters to the frame, andintermediate horizontal members extendin from rafter to rafter tosupport the central parts of the wire wrapping against sagging andhaving flattened and curved portions for engagement with said rafters.

9. A skeleton reinforcing frame for concrete roofs, comprising a baseformed of a series of round. beams, a round ridge polefa series of roundrafters, continuous Wrappings of wire, in crossed relation, around theoutside of the entire frame comprising the base frame and rafters andtending to hold the rafters to the frame, and intermediatehorizontalmembers extending from rafter to rafter to support the central parts ofthe Wire wrappings against sagging and having flattened and curvedportions for engagement with said rafters.

10. A skeleton reinforcing frame for concrete roofs, comprising a baseformed of a series of. round beams, a round ridge pole, a series ofround rafters, a continuous wrapping of wire around the outside of theentire frame comprising the base frame and rafters and tending to holdthe rafters to the frame, intermediate horizontal members extending fromrafter to rafter to support the central parts of the wire wrappingagainst sagging and having flattened and curved portions for engagementwith said rafters, and stirrup clips for attachingsaid'horizontal'members to the rafters. I

11. A skeleton reinforcing frame for concrete roofs, comprising a baseformed of a series ofr'ound beams, a round ridge pole, a series of roundrafters, a continuous Wrapping of wire around the outside of the entireframe comprising the base frame rafters and ridge pole, transverse tothe ridge pole, and

tending to hold the rafters to the frame, 111- termediate horizontalmembers extending from rafter to rafter to support the central parts ofthe wire Wrapping against sagging and having flattened and curvedportions,

for engagement with said rafters, and stirrup clips for attaching saidhorizontal members to the rafters.

12. A skeleton reinforcing frame for con-.

crete roofs, comprising a base-formed of a series of round beams, around ridge pole, a series of round rafters, continuous wrappings ofWire, in crossed" relation, around theoutside of the entire framecomprising the base frame and rafters and tending to hold the rafters tothe frame, intermediate horizontal members extending from rafter torafter to support the central parts of the wire wrappings againstsagging and having flattened

